How Does Cholesterol Affect the Brain?

Brain Health and Cholesterol: The Surprising Connection

Cholesterol often gets a bad rap, especially when it comes to heart health. However, this essential molecule plays a crucial role in the brain, and emerging evidence suggests that higher levels of cholesterol are associated with better cognitive function and a lower risk of neurological disorders like dementia and Parkinson’s disease.

Let’s explore why cholesterol is important for brain health and review the scientific studies that challenge the conventional thinking around cholesterol.

The Role of Cholesterol in the Brain

How does cholesterol affect the brain? Cholesterol is a vital component of every cell membrane in the body, and it is especially abundant in the brain, which contains about 25% of the body’s total cholesterol.

In the brain, cholesterol is essential for:

• Neuron Function: Cholesterol helps form and maintain the myelin sheath, the protective covering that insulates nerve fibers and facilitates the efficient transmission of electrical impulses between neurons. Without adequate cholesterol, communication between brain cells slows down, leading to cognitive impairment.

• Synapse Formation: Cholesterol is critical for the formation and function of synapses, the connections between neurons that allow for memory, learning, and overall brain plasticity. Studies show that low levels of cholesterol impair synaptic function and hinder the brain’s ability to form new memories.

• Neurotransmitter Activity: Cholesterol regulates the activity of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, influencing mood, cognition, and overall mental well-being.

Cholesterol and Dementia: What the Research Shows

Several studies have suggested that higher levels of cholesterol may offer protective benefits for cognitive function, particularly in older adults.

1. Cholesterol and Cognitive Decline: A large-scale study published in the journal *Alzheimer’s & Dementia* examined over 1,800 elderly participants and found that those with higher levels of total cholesterol had a significantly lower risk of developing dementia compared to those with lower cholesterol levels. The authors proposed that cholesterol might help protect against the cognitive decline that leads to Alzheimer’s disease.

2. Cholesterol Levels and Alzheimer’s Risk: Another study published in *Neurology* followed over 1,000 individuals aged 70 and above for several years. The researchers found that participants with higher cholesterol levels in late life had a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting the role of cholesterol in maintaining brain structure and function during aging.

3. Link Between LDL Cholesterol and Dementia: Interestingly, a study in *The Lancet* found that higher levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often called “bad cholesterol,” were inversely associated with the risk of dementia. This challenges the common perception that lower cholesterol is always better and suggests that cholesterol may play a neuroprotective role.

Cholesterol and Movement Disorders

Cholesterol’s benefits extend beyond cognitive health and may also reduce the risk of movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. Several studies suggest that cholesterol is involved in the brain’s ability to regulate movement and motor function.

Parkinson’s Disease and Cholesterol

A study published in *Movement Disorders* revealed that individuals with higher LDL cholesterol levels had a lower risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Researchers hypothesized that cholesterol might protect dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, which are critical for smooth motor control.

Statins and Increased Risk of Parkinson’s

Paradoxically, some studies have linked the use of statins, cholesterol-lowering medications, to an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. A 2017 study published in *Movement Disorders* found that individuals who discontinued statin therapy (and consequently had higher cholesterol levels) had a lower risk of Parkinson’s disease progression. This suggests that artificially lowering cholesterol may not always be beneficial for neurological health.

Supporting Brain Health Through Lifestyle

To support healthy cholesterol levels and brain function, consider adopting these lifestyle strategies:

1. Eat brain-healthy fats. Incorporate omega-3 fatty acids from sources like wild-caught fish, bison meat and organs, avocado, flaxseeds, and walnuts. Healthy fats promote cholesterol balance and are vital for brain health.

2. Get sleep, sunshine, and physical activity.

3. Avoid toxins like pesticides, plastics and mold/bacteria.

4. Avoid statin drugs and all other pharmaceuticals